Components of a museum-quality model

Halyards and slings   Halyard: 1. Tye; 2, Ramshead block; 3. Halyard tackle; 4. Knighthead; 5. British sling; 6. Continental sling; 7. Halyard, British before 1720; then generally.8. Topsail halyard before 1720; Continental - 9. Fore topsail halyard before 1660;10. Topgallant halyard;11. Topgallant halyard before 1660: A - Lower yard; B - Topsail yard; C - Topgallant yard.   The lower yard tye and halyard   In the Middle Ages the tyes of the lower yards (fore yard, main yard) either reeved through sheave holes on the masthead or through blocks like the topsail halyards, A purchase was fitted abaft the mast to set them up taut, In the mid-16th century the tyes ran to a common ramshead block -they had previously been fitted individually which with the knighthead formed the halyard purchase.Towards the middle of the 16th century the tyes were taken through two sheaves in the mast, a system which was retained in Britain until the second half of the 17th century.     On the Continent the halyards were fitted over the round caps ( see CAPS) after the late 16th century , where they passed through two hole on the forward, flat part, then ran back into the grooves and ended in the ramshead block, In Britain after 1650 two double blocks were fixed to the yard, and two triple blocks to the crosstrees, The jeers, which replaced the tyes and halyards, were secured to the yard, reeved through the blocks, and finally ran to the deck, where they belayed to the jeer bitts.    This form of lower yard jeers was also adopted on the Continent at the beginning of the 18th century.After the introduction of iron parrals in the second half of the 19th century the lower yard jeers fell out of use. The slings     Slings were used from the early 18th century onward as a improved means of securing lower yards, which were very heavy, The strong, served rope strops, which were slid round the masthead over the shrouds in Continental ships, and over the cap in British vessels, and were connected to a second rope sling seized to the yard. After the middle of the 19th century chains were used as slings in many cases. The topsail halyard   The topsail tyes were attached with a strop round the yard on small ships, and with a block on large ships. They passed through a sheave in the topmast on smaller ships, and on larger ships through a block (on very large ships through two blocks) and on Continental ships in the 16th/17th centuries they led to the halyard purchase in the top. In Britain the topsail halyard purchase was taken down to the deck and the running part belayed abaft the aftermost shroud. This system also became standard on the Continent in the 18th century. The topgallant and royal halyards   The topgallant and royal tyes were always fixed with a strop, sometimes also with a hook on the yard, and then led through a sheave in the topmast to the topmast crosstrees and the halyard which belayed in the top. The spritsail halyard The spritsail halyard was attached to a block in the middle of the yard, reeved through a double or fiddle block on the bowsprit, and belayed to a cleat at the base of the bowsprit. The cross jack yard sling The crossjack yard had no halyard, but was held with a sling laid over the