|
|
|
|
Components of a
museum-quality model
|
|
Bowsprit,
sprit topmast, jib boom
|
|
The
bowsprit
The bowsprit is really nothing more than a mast
canted forward; it appeared from the 13th century
onwards. Its angle to the horizontal varied quite
considerably: in the Middle Ages it was 50° to 60°,
15th century around 50°, in the first half of the
16th century 30 to35°, in the second half of the
16th century 25-30°, around 1630 20°, 1650 30°,
around 1665 40°, around 1675 35°, in the 18th
century 25 to 30°, in the first half of the 19th
century 20 to 25°, in the second half of the 19th
century 14 to 18°. Naturally, these angles are only
approximate.
Like the lower masts, the bowsprit featured
wooldings and hoops. From the early 16th century
until about 1650 (occasionally as late as 1670), the
bowsprit was routed past the foremast on the
starboard side.It did not lie parallel to the keel,
but at an angle, so that the head of the bowsprit
was on the centreline of the ship. After this time
the bowsprit's heel was stepped in line with the
foremast, and supported by the stem -thus it was
situated with all its length exactly on the
centreline, like all the other masts and topmasts.
The sprit topmast
From the late 16th century until about 1720 a
small mast was carried on the bowsprit, known as the
split topmast. At the head the upper surface of the
bowsprit was flattened off slightly to provide a
support surface for the split topmast knee. The
lower arm of this knee was the same length as the
fore masthead, the other leg arm was 2/3 of it. This
knee carried the crosstrees and the cap.
The split topmast itself was similar to a
topgallant mast, but without a sheave for the
topmast tye. It was vertical or very slightly
inclined forward (up to about 5°). Take care here.
The split topmast must be firmly attached, and
clamped securely to the knee. The stays and topmast
backstays exert a powerful pull on the split topmast
when the rigging is set up, and it must not bend
back further than the vertical.
The jib boom
Around 1715 an extension of the bowsprit came into
use -the jib boom. For a short period it was carried
below the sprit topmast then the
split topmast disappeared. The bowsprit was then
fitted with a cap through which the jib boom
passed. At its after end it rested on a saddle and
was lashed with a chain. The jib boom was either
fitted on the centre of the bowsprit, or displaced
to starboard. Two timbers, the bees, to right and
left of the head of the bowsprit, served to attach
the fore topmast stay, and the fore topmast
preventer stay (see STAYS ) .The dolphin striker was
fitted under the bowsprit cap, and the martingale
stays (see BOWSPRIT RIGGING) passed under this. In
late 18th century a flying jib boom was introduced,
which, supported on the bowsprit cap, passed through
an iron cap on the forward end of the jib boom, and
thus extended the latter even further
|
Cap with
dolphin striker, 19th century merchant ship
|
Bowsprit
and jib boom
|
|
|
|
|
|